PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.